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    • 专利摘要:
    absorbent article and moisture sensor for an absorbent article the present invention provides a moisture sensor for an absorbent article, which is formed from an ink. the ink includes a proton-accepting chromogen and a proton-donating agent (or color developer). before using, the paint, in general, is dry and in an unprotected form, so that it has a visible color. however, when in contact with body fluids (eg, urine, faecal matter, mucus, menstruation, vaginal fluid, etc.), the water in the fluid can lead to chromogen deprotonation, thereby resulting in a displacement of the absorption of the chromogen towards the red end ("bathochromic displacement") or the blue end ("hypsochromic displacement") of the spectrum. to increase the rate of color change during use, the present inventors have found that a specific type of proton donating agent can be employed. more particularly, the proton donating agent is an aliphatic carboxylic acid, which is highly soluble in body fluid (eg, urine), and therefore results in a color change that is very rapid and that can be detected within a relatively short period of time. the extent of the color change, in general, is also sufficient to provide a "real-time" indication of the moisture in the absorbent article.
    公开号:BR112013014230B1
    申请号:R112013014230-8
    申请日:2011-10-31
    公开日:2020-05-26
    发明作者:Ning Wei；Xuedong Song
    申请人:Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ABSORBENT ARTICLE AND MOISTURE SENSOR FOR AN ABSORBENT ARTICLE
    HISTORY OF THE INVENTION
    The ability to indicate moisture in a disposable absorbent article (eg, diaper, training pants, incontinence pillow, etc.) has been a desirable feature for a variety of modern hygiene products. Due to the fact that these articles are so absorbent, for example, users may not realize that they have urinated, particularly if they are inexperienced as babies, that they cannot recognize the meaning of body sensations associated with urination. Therefore, the user may not recognize his failure to control the act of urinating or fail to realize that the article must be changed. In addition, parents and caregivers may not recognize that the absorbent article requires exchange. Several attempts have been made to solve the problems mentioned above. US Patent Publication No. 2010/0030173 to Song, et al, for example, describes a moisture sensor formed from a white dye and a color developer (for example, zinc salicylate), which displays a signal visual in a dry state. When in contact with a body fluid, such as urine, the signal begins to fade or disappears completely. Unfortunately, such sensors often require the use of a surfactant to achieve sufficient wetting on the surface of the absorbent article, which increases the costs and complexity of the sensor. In addition, such sensors are also relatively insensitive to small amounts of fluids, and they can sometimes take a long time to undergo the desired color change.
    As such, there is currently a demand for an improved humidity sensor, which can undergo a rapid color change in the presence of body fluids.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    According to an embodiment of the present invention, an absorbent article is described, comprising a substantially liquid-impermeable layer, a liquid-permeable layer and an absorbent core positioned between the substantially liquid-impermeable layer and the layer
    2/24 permeable to liquids. A humidity sensor is integrated into the article and positioned in such a way that the sensor is in fluid communication with a body fluid from a user of the article. The humidity sensor includes an ink comprising a proton acceptor chromogen and a proton donor agent, which includes an aliphatic carboxylic acid. The ink undergoes a visible color change upon contact with the body fluid.
    In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a moisture sensor for an absorbent article is described, which comprises an ink arranged on a substrate. The ink comprises a leuco dye and a proton donating agent, which includes an aliphatic carboxylic acid having a water solubility greater than about 5 grams per 100 milliliters of water at a temperature of 20-C and a first dissociation constant of acid from about 0 to about 10. The ink undergoes a visible color change upon contact with an aqueous fluid.
    Other features and aspects of the present invention are shown in greater detail below.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    A complete and enabling description of the present invention, including its best mode, addressed to a person skilled in the art, is shown more particularly in the rest of the specification, which makes reference to the attached figures, in which:
    Figure 1 is a top view of an embodiment of an absorbent article, which can be used in conjunction with the moisture sensor of the present invention; and
    Figure 2 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an absorbent article, which can be used in conjunction with the moisture sensor of the present invention.
    The repeated use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent the same characteristics or elements, or analogous characteristics or elements of the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF REPRESENTATIVE MODALITIES
    3/24
    Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are shown below. Each example is provided by way of explanation, not limitation, of the invention. Indeed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention, without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used in another embodiment to provide yet another embodiment. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention will cover such modifications and variations.
    Generally speaking, the present invention is directed to a moisture sensor for an absorbent article, which is formed from an ink. The ink includes a proton-accepting chromogen and a proton donating agent (or color developer). Before use, the paint, in general, is dry and in a protonated form, so that it has a visible color. However, when in contact with body fluids (for example, urine, fecal matter, mucus, menstruation, vaginal fluid, etc.), the water in the fluid can lead to chromogen deprotonation, thereby resulting in a displacement of the maximum absorption of the chromogen towards the red end (bathochromic displacement) or the blue end (hypsochromic displacement) of the spectrum. The nature of the color change depends on a variety of factors, including the type of proton-accepting chromogen and the presence of any additional temperature-insensitive chromogens. In one embodiment, for example, the ink has a visually observable color in its dry state, which fades or disappears when in contact with a body fluid.
    To increase the rate of color change during use, the present inventors have found that a specific type of proton donating agent can be employed. More particularly, the proton donor agent is an aliphatic carboxylic acid, which is highly soluble in body fluid (eg, urine), and therefore results in a color change that is very rapid and can be detected within a period of time relatively
    Short 4/24. For example, a visual color change can occur in about 30 seconds or less, in some sports, about 15 seconds or less, and in some sports, about 5 seconds or less. The extent of the color change, in general, is also sufficient to provide a real-time indication of moisture in the absorbent article. This color change can, for example, be represented by a certain change in the absorbance reading as measured using a conventional test known as CIELAB, which is discussed in Pocket Guide to Digital Printing, by F. Cost, Delmar Publishers, Albany, New York. ISBN 0-82737592-1, on pages 144 and 145. This method defines three variables, L *, a * and b *, which correspond to three characteristics of a perceived color based on the opposing theory of color perception. The three variables have the following meaning:
    L * = Clarity (or luminosity), ranging from 0 to 100, with 0 = dark and 100 = light;
    a * = Red / green axis, ranging from approximately -100 to 100, - positive values are reddish and negative values are greenish; and b * = Yellow / blue axis, ranging from approximately -100 to 100; positive values are yellowish and negative values are bluish.
    Due to the fact that the CIELAB color space is somehow visually uniform, a single number can be calculated, which represents the difference between two colors as perceived by a human being. This difference is called ΔΕ and is calculated by taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the three differences (ΔΒ *, Aa * and Ab *) between the two colors. In the CIELAB color space, each unit of ΔΕ is approximately equal to an only observable difference between two colors. Therefore, CIELAB is a good measure for an objective, device-independent color specification system, which can be used as a reference color space for the purpose of color management and color change expression. Therefore, using this test, the color intensities (L *, a * and b *) can be measured using, for example, a portable spectrophotometer, from Minolta Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan (Model No. CM2600d). That instrument
    5/24 uses the geometry of D / 8 which conforms to CIE No. 15, ISO 7742/1, ASTME 1164 and JIS Z8722-1982 (visualization system with diffuse lighting / grade 8). The D65 light reflected from the sample surface at an angle of 8 degrees from the normal of the surface is received by the optical sample measurement system. Typically, the color change is represented by an ΔΕ of about 2 or more, in some modalities, from about 3 or more, and, in some modalities, from about 5 to about 50.
    As indicated above, the aliphatic carboxylic acid of the present invention is highly soluble in the body fluid, so that the resulting color change is quickly and easily detected by the wearer or user. Due to the fact that body fluids, in general, contain a substantial amount of water, typically, the acid will also exhibit high water solubility, such as greater than about 5 grams per 100 milliliters of water, in some embodiments , greater than about 15 grams per 100 milliliters of water, in some modalities, from about 30 grams to about 200 grams per 100 milliliters of water, and, in some modalities, from about 50 grams to about 150 grams per 100 milliliters of water, determined at a temperature of 20 and C. In addition to being highly soluble in water, however, the acid is also considered weak, so that it can safely contact a user's skin , but still strong enough to reach the desired pH level. In this regard, typically, the acid exhibits a first dissociation constant (pK ai ) from about 0 to about 8, in some embodiments, from about 0.5 to about 6, and, in some embodiments, from about from 1 to about 5, determined at 25 2 C. This can result in a pH level for the paint of about 5 or less, and, in some embodiments, from about 1 to about 4.
    Suitable aliphatic carboxylic acids having the characteristics noted above may include, for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, oleic acid, tartaric acid (e.g., dextrotartaric acid, mesotartaric acid , etc.), citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid,
    6/24 glycolic acid, oxalic acid, propionic acid, glutaric acid, glyconic acid, lactic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine acid, itaconic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, etc. Polymeric acids, such as poly (acrylic acid) or poly (methacrylic) and copolymers thereof (e.g., maleic-acrylic, sulfonicacrylic and styrene-acrylic copolymers), may also be suitable for use in the present invention. Particularly suitable acids are polyprotic acids (eg, diprotics, triprotics, etc.), such as α-tartaric acid (pK al of 2.98 and pK a2 of 4.34, solubility of 133 grams per 100 milliliters of water), oxalic acid (pK ai of 1.23 and pK a2 of 4.19, solubility of 90 grams per 100 milliliters of water), citric acid (pK al of 3.13, pK a2 of 4.7 6 and pK a3 of 6 , 40, solubility of 73 grams per 100 milliliters of water), etc.
    Any of a variety of proton-accepting chromogens, in general, can be used in ink. A particularly suitable class of proton-accepting chromogens are leuco dyes, which are desirably colorless in their deprotonated form. Suitable leuco dyes may include, for example, phthalides, phthalans, acilleucomethylene compounds, fluorans, spiro-pyranes, coumarins, etc., as well as mixtures of any of the above. Exemplary fluorans include, for example, 3,3'-dimethoxy-fluorane, 3,6-dimethoxy-fluorane, 3,6-di-butoxy-fluorane, 3-chloro-6-phenylamino-flouran, 3-diethyl-amino- 6-dimethyl-fluorane, 3-diethyl-amino6-methyl-7-chloro-fluorane and 3-diethyl-7,8-benzo-fluorane, 3,3'-bis (p-dimethyl-amino-phenyl) -7- phenyl-amino-fluorane, 3-diethyl-amino-6methyl-7-phenyl-amino-fluorane, 3-diethyl-amino-7-phenyl-aminofluorane and 2-anilino-3-methyl-6-diethyl-amino-fluorane. Also, exemplary phthalides include 3,3 ', 3-tris (p-dimethyl-aminophenyl) phthalide, 3,3'-bis (p-dimethyl-amino-phenyl) phthalide, 3,3-bis (p-diethyl-amino -phenyl) -6-dimethyl-amino-phthalide, 3- (4-diethyl-aminophenyl) -3- (1-ethyl-2-methyl-indol-3-yl) phthalide and 3- (4-diethyl-amino2- methyl) phenyl-3- (1,2-dimethyl-indol-3-yl) phthalide. Still other suitable chromogens are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,620,941 to Yoshikawa, et al. ; 5,281,570 to Hasegawa, et al. ; 5,350,634 to Sumii, et al. ; and 5,527,385 to Sumii, et al. ; at
    7/24 which are incorporated here, in their entirety, for all purposes.
    The relative amount of proton acceptor chromogen (s) and proton donor agent (s) may vary to achieve the desired color change. Namely, the proton donating agent is employed in an amount high enough to achieve the desired rapid color change, but not so high as to cause an adverse impact on the chromogen's ability to remain visible before use. In this regard, the proton donor-to-chromogen weight ratio is typically about 0.4 to about 10, in some embodiments, about 0.5 to about 8, and in some modalities, from about 1 to 4. For example, proton donating agents can constitute from about 5% by weight to about 60% by weight, in some modalities, from about 10% by weight to about 50% by weight, and, in some embodiments, from about 15% by weight to about 40% by weight, of the paint on a dry basis. Also, chromogens can comprise from about 40% by weight to about 95% by weight, in some embodiments, from about 50% by weight to about 90% by weight, and in some embodiments, from around 60 % by weight to about 85% by weight of the paint on a dry basis.
    The paint can also contain a variety of optional components to facilitate the desired color change, and also to enhance the paint's ability to remain stable on a substrate to which it is applied. Organic binders, for example, can be used to increase the durability of the paint and to help form stable films on various substrates when drying. Due to the fact that the paint is intended to come into contact with aqueous body fluids (eg urine), it is sometimes desired that hydrophobic organic binders are employed. An example of such a binder is a thermoset resin, which is capable of hardening when applied to the substrate. Suitable thermosetting resins can include, for example, polyester resins, polyurethane resins, melamine resins, epoxy resins, diaryl phthalate resins, vinyl ester resins, and so on. In addition or in conjunction with such binders
    8/24 hydrophobic, the paint can also contain a hydrophilic binder, such as alginic acid and salts thereof, carrageenan, pectin, gelatin and the like, semi-synthetic macromolecular compounds, such as methylcellulose, cationized starch, carboxymethylcellulose, starch methyloxycarbonate, vinyl polymers (e.g. poly (vinyl alcohol)), poly (vinyl pyrrolidone), poly (acrylic acid), polyacrylamide, maleic acid copolymers, cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate, etc., as well as combinations thereof. Commercially available binder systems, which can be used, include, for example, the GANTREZ® SP, ES or AN series of poly (methyl vinyl ether / maleic acid) esters (International Specialty Products, Inc.), the series DERMACRYL® of carboxylated acrylic copolymers (Akzo Nobel), and the AMPHOMER® series of amphoteric acrylic copolymers (Akzo Nobel).
    The total concentration of binders, in general, can vary depending on the desired properties of the resulting substrate. For example, high concentrations of total binder may provide better physical properties for the coated substrate, but they may also have an adverse effect on other properties, such as the absorbency of the substrate to which it is applied. Conversely, low total binder concentrations may not provide the desired degree of durability. Therefore, in most embodiments, the total amount of binder used in the paint, including any hydrophilic or hydrophobic binders, is from about 0.01% by weight to about 10% by weight, in some embodiments, from about 0, 05% by weight to about 5% by weight, and, in some embodiments, from about 0.1% by weight to about 4% by weight, on a dry weight basis. For example, hydrophilic binders can comprise from about 0.001% by weight to about 10% by weight, in some embodiments, from about 0.01% by weight to about 5% by weight, and, in some embodiments, by about 0.1% by weight to about 2% by weight, on a dry weight basis. Likewise, hydrophobic binders may comprise from about 0.001% by weight to about 10% by weight, in some embodiments, from about 0.01% by weight to about 5% by weight, and in some
    9/24 embodiments, from about 0.1% by weight to about 2% by weight, on a dry weight basis.
    The ink can also contain other components as are known in the art. For example, depending on the particular nature of the substrate, the paint may include a wetting agent to improve its ability to be applied and adhered to a substrate. Suitable wetting agents may include, for example, a surfactant (for example, non-ionic, cationic, anionic or zwitterionic) or a mixture of surfactants. Surfactants can also help to enhance the sensitivity and contrast provided by the dye. Particularly desired surfactants are non-ionic surfactants, such as ethoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty alcohols, ethylene-propylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylated esters of (C 8 -Ci8) -fatty acids, condensation products ethylene oxide with long chain amines or amides, condensation products of ethylene oxide with alcohols, acetylenic diols, and mixtures thereof. Several specific examples of suitable non-ionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, methyl-glycet-10, methyl-glucose-PEG-20 distearate, PEG-20 methyl-glucose-sesquistearate, Cn-is-paret-20, cetet-8, cetet-12, dodoxinol-12, lauret-15, PEG20 castor oil, polysorbate 20, stearet-20, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether-10, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether-10, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether -20, polyoxyethylene oil ether-10, polyoxyethylene oil ether-20, an ethoxylated nonyl-phenol, ethoxylated octyl-phenol, ethoxylated dodecyl-phenol, ethoxylated fatty alcohol (C 8 C22), including 3 to 20 portions of ethylene oxide, polyoxyethylene-20 isohexadecyl ether, polyoxyethylene-23 glycerol-laurate, polyoxyethylene-20 glyceryl-stearate, PPG-10 methylglucose ether, PPG-20 methyl-glucose ether, polyoxyethylene-monoesters 20 sorbitan, polyoxyethylene castor oil80, polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether-15, polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether-6, la uret-2, lauret-3, lauret-4, PEG-3 castor oil, PEG 600 dioleate, PEG 400 dioleate and mixtures thereof. Commercially available non-ionic surfactants may include the SURFYNOL® range of acetylenic diol surfactants
    10/24 available from Air Products and Chemicals, Allentown, Pa., And the TWEEN® range of polyoxyethylene surfactants available from Fischer Scientific, Pittsburgh, Pa. While such wetting agents can typically be employed, it is desired that the ink is formed without the use of agents. Not only does this increase manufacturing efficiency, it also reduces the cost of the ink. Although the composition, in general, can be free of such wetting agents, it is obviously to be understood that a small amount may still be present in the resulting composition. Independently, the ink typically contains wetting agents in an amount less than about 10% by weight, in some embodiments, less than about 5% by weight, and in some embodiments, about 0, 01% by weight to about 2% by weight.
    Although not required, additional components can also be employed within the paint to facilitate its ability to be immobilized on a substrate. For example, an anchoring compound can be used, which bonds the paint to the substrate surface and further improves durability. Typically, the anchoring compound is larger in size than the chromogen or proton donating agent, which improves its likelihood of remaining on the surface during use. For example, the anchoring compound can include a macromolecular compound, such as a polymer, oligomer, dendrimer, particle, etc. Polymeric anchor compounds can be natural, synthetic or combinations thereof. Examples of natural polymeric anchoring compounds include, for example, polypeptides, proteins, DNA / RNA and polysaccharides (for example, glucose-based polymers, activated dextran, etc.). In some embodiments, the anchoring compound can be a particle (which it sometimes refers to as a bead or microcount). Naturally occurring particles, such as nuclei, mycoplasma, plasmids, plastids, mammalian cells (eg, erythrocyte spectra), unicellular microorganisms (eg, bacteria), polysaccharides (eg, agarose), etc., can be used. In addition, synthetic particles can also be used. For example, in
    11/24 a modality, latex microparticles are used. Although any synthetic particle can be used, the particles are typically formed from polystyrene, butadiene styrenes, styrene-acrylic-vinyl terpolymer, poly (methyl methacrylate), poly (ethyl methacrylate), maleic styrene anhydride copolymer, poly (acetate acetate) vinyl), poly (vinyl-pyridine), poly (divinyl-benzene), poly (butylene terephthalate), acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride acrylates, and so on, or an aldehyde, carboxyl, amino, hydroxyl or hydrazide. When used, the size of the particles may vary. For example, the average particle size (for example, diameter) can range from about 0.1 nanometer to about 1,000 micrometers, in some embodiments, from about 0.1 nanometer to about 100 micrometers, and in some modalities, from about 1 nanometer to about 10 micrometers.
    Humectants can also be used, such as ethylene glycol; diethylene glycol; glycerin; poly (ethylene glycol) 200, 300, 400 and 600; propane-1,3-diol; propylene glycol monomethyl ethers, such as Dowanol PM (Gallade Chemical Inc., Santa Ana, California, USA); polyhydric alcohols; or combinations thereof. In addition, additional temperature-insensitive chromogens can also be employed to help control the color that is observed when using the paint. Other additives can also be included to improve the performance of the paint, such as a chelating agent, to sequester metal ions, which could become involved in chemical reactions over time and / or a corrosion inhibitor, to help protect metal components of the ink delivery system printer. Various other components for use in an ink, such as dye stabilizers, photoinitiators, fillers, etc., can be employed as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,681,380 to Nohr, et al .; and 6,542,379 to Nohr, et al. ; which are hereby incorporated, in their entirety, by reference to them, for all purposes.
    Typically, the ink of the present invention is applied to a substrate. The substrate can function simply as a physical vehicle for the paint, or it can perform other
    12/24 functions of the absorbent article to which it is incorporated. To apply the paint, the components are typically first dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, to form a coating solution. For example, one or more of the components mentioned above can be mixed with a solvent, either sequentially or simultaneously, to form a paint, which can be easily applied to a substrate. Any solvent capable of dispersing or dissolving the components is suitable. Typically, however, an organic solvent is employed, so that the chromogen is not deprotonated before contact with the body fluid. Suitable organic solvents can include, for example, alcohols, such as ethanol or methanol; dimethylformamide; dimethyl sulfoxide; hydrocarbons, such as pentane, butane, heptane, hexane, toluene and xylene; ethers, such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; ketones and aldehydes, such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; halogenated solvents, such as dichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride; acrylonitrile; etc., as well as mixtures thereof. The solvent concentration in the coating formulation, in general, is high enough to allow easy application, handling, etc.
    When employed, the total concentration of solvent (s) may vary, but typically it is from about 30% by weight to about 99% by weight, in some embodiments, from about 40% by weight to about from 95% by weight, and, in some embodiments, from about 50% by weight to about 90% by weight of the coating formulation. Obviously, the specific amount of solvent (s) employed depends, in part, on the desired solids content and / or the viscosity of the formulation. For example, the solids content can vary from about 0.01% by weight to about 30% by weight, in some embodiments, from about 0.1% by weight to about 25% by weight, and in some embodiments, from about 0.5% by weight to about 20% by weight. By varying the solids content, the presence of the color-changing chromogen can be controlled. For example, to form a paint with a higher level of chromogen, the formulation can be provided with a relatively high solids content, so that a greater percentage of the chromogen is incorporated into the paint. In addition, the viscosity of the formulation of
    13/24 coating may also vary depending on the application method and / or the type of solvent used. Typically, however, the viscosity is about 1 to about 200 Pascals-seconds, in some embodiments, from about 5 to about 150 Pascals-seconds, and, in some embodiments, from about 10 to about 100 Pascals-seconds , as measured with a Brookfield DV-1 viscometer, using Spindle No. 18, operating at 12 rpm and 25 and C. If desired, thickeners or other viscosity modifiers can be used in the formulation to increase or decrease viscosity.
    The coating formulation can be applied to a substrate using any conventional technique, such as printing, dipping, spraying, melt extrusion, coating (e.g. solvent coating, powder coating, brush coating, etc.). ), and so on. In one embodiment, for example, the ink is printed over the substrate. A variety of printing techniques can be used to apply ink to the substrate, such as gravure printing, flexographic printing, screen printing, laser printing, thermal ribbon printing, piston printing, etc. In a particular embodiment, inkjet printing techniques are used to apply the ink to the substrate. Inkjet printing is a non-contact printing technique, which involves forcing ink through a tiny nozzle (or series of nozzles) to form droplets, which are directed at the holder. In general, two techniques are used, namely, DOD (Drop-on-Demand) or continuous inkjet printing. In continuous systems, ink is emitted in a direct current under pressure through at least one orifice or nozzle. The current is disturbed by a pressurizing actuator to break the current into droplets at a fixed distance from the orifice. DOD systems, on the other hand, use a pressurizing actuator at each orifice to break paint into droplets. The pressurizing actuator in each system can be a piezoelectric crystal, an acoustic device, a thermal device, etc. The selection of the type of inkjet system varies depending on the type of material to be printed from the printhead. For example, conductive materials are sometimes
    14/24 necessary for continuous systems, because the droplets are deflected electrostatically. Therefore, when the sample channel is formed from a dielectric material, DOD printing techniques may be more desirable.
    The coating formulation can be applied to one or both surfaces of the substrate. For example, the resulting ink, in general, is present at least on the surface of the substrate that is most likely to come into contact with body fluids during use. In addition, the paint can cover an entire surface of the substrate, or it can only cover a portion of the surface. When applying paint to multiple surfaces, each surface can be coated sequentially or simultaneously. Regardless of the way in which it is applied, the resulting substrate can be dried at a certain temperature, to drive the solvent from the formulation and form the ink of the present invention. For example, the substrate can be dried at a temperature of at least about 20 2 C, in some embodiments, at least about 25 and C, and, in some embodiments, from about 25 2 C to about 75 2 C. By minimizing the amount of solvent in the paint, the chromogen is initially allowed to remain in its deprotonated state. However, it should be understood that some solvent may still be present. For example, the ink may contain a solvent in an amount less than about 0.5% by weight, in some embodiments less than about 0.1% by weight, and in some embodiments, less than about 0.01% by weight.
    Any of a variety of substrates can be incorporated with the ink of the present invention. For example, nonwoven fabrics, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, paper wefts, films, foams, ropes, etc., can be applied with the ink. When used, non-woven fabrics can include, but are not limited to, spunbonded fabrics (openings or openings), meltblown fabrics, linked-carded fabrics, air-dispersed fabrics, coform fabrics, hydraulically matted fabrics, and so on. onwards. Non-woven composites (for example, non-woven fabric laminated to a film or strings) can also be employed. Typically, the polymers used to form
    15/24 the substrate has a softening or melting temperature, which is higher than the temperature required to remove the solvent from the paint. One or more components of such polymers may have, for example, a softening temperature of approximately 100 9 ° C to about 400 C, in some embodiments, from about 110 2 C 300 and C , and in some embodiments from about 120 C to about 9 and 250 C. Examples of such polymers may include, but are not limited to, synthetic polymers (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (ethylene terephthalate), nylon 6, nylon 66, KEVLAR®), syndiotactic polystyrene, liquid crystalline polyesters, etc.); cellulosic polymers (softwood pulp, hardwood pulp, thermomechanical pulp, etc.); combinations thereof; and so on.
    The thickness of the paint can also vary. For example, the thickness can range from about 0.001 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, in some embodiments, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 2 millimeters, and, in some embodiments, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 1 millimeter. Such a relatively thin ink can enhance the flexibility of the substrate, while still providing the desired color change.
    To maintain absorbance, porosity, flexibility and / or some other characteristic of the substrate, it may sometimes be desired to apply the paint, in order to cover less than 100%, in some modalities, from about 10% to about 80% and in some embodiments, from about 20% to about 60% of the area of one or more substrate surfaces. For example, in a particular mode, the paint is applied to the substrate in a previously selected pattern (for example, reticular pattern, diamond-shaped grid, dots, and so on). Although not necessary, such a standardized paint can provide a sufficient color change without covering a substantial portion of the substrate's surface area. This can be desired to optimize the flexibility, absorbance or other characteristics of the substrate. It should be understood, however, that the paint can also be applied uniformly to one or more surfaces of the substrate. In addition, a standardized ink can also provide
    16/24 different features for each zone. For example, in one embodiment, the substrate is treated with two or more patterns of coated regions, which may or may not overlap. The regions can be on the same surface or on different surfaces of the substrate. In one embodiment, a region of a substrate is coated with a first ink, while another region is coated with a second ink.
    If desired, the ink can also be applied to a strip that is substantially adhered to or otherwise attached to the substrate of the absorbent article. For example, the strip may contain a face protection material (facestock) commonly used in the manufacture of labels, such as paper, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polyamides, etc. An adhesive, such as a pressure sensitive adhesive, a heat activated adhesive, a hot melt adhesive, etc., can be used on one or more surfaces of the face protection material to help adhere it to a substrate surface. Suitable examples of pressure sensitive adhesives include, for example, acrylic based adhesives and elastomeric adhesives. In one embodiment, the pressure-sensitive adhesive is based on copolymers of acrylic acid esters (for example, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate) with polar comonomers (for example, acrylic acid). The adhesive can have a thickness in the range of about 0.1 to about 2 mils (2.5 to 50 micrometers).
    As noted above, for example, the ink can be used on an absorbent article. An absorbent article, in general, refers to any article capable of absorbing water or other fluids. Examples of some absorbent items include, but are not limited to, personal care items, such as diapers, training pants, absorbent underwear, incontinence items, feminine hygiene products (eg sanitary napkins), bathing suits , baby wipes, and so on; medical absorbent articles, such as garments, fenestration materials, intimate pillows, bed pillows, bandages, absorbent curtains, and medical wipes; food service cleaners; clothing items; and so on. Suitable materials and processes
    17/24 for forming such absorbent articles are well known to those skilled in the art. Typically, absorbent articles include a substantially liquid-impermeable layer (e.g., outer layer), a liquid-permeable layer (e.g., body facing coating, surge layer, etc.) and an absorbent core.
    Generally speaking, the moisture sensor of the present invention can be incorporated into the absorbent article in a variety of different orientations and configurations, as long as the device is capable of coming into contact with body fluids and providing a signal to a user or to a caregiver. For example, the humidity sensor can be positioned on the body-facing coating, the surge layer, the absorbent core, the outer layer, etc. In this regard, various embodiments of an absorbent article, which can be formed in accordance with the present invention, will now be described in greater detail. For illustrative purposes only, the absorbent article is shown in Figure 1, as a diaper 101. In the illustrated embodiment, diaper 101 is shown as having an hourglass-like shape in an unfixed configuration. However, obviously, other shapes can be used, such as a shape, generally rectangular, T-shaped or I-shaped. Diaper 101 includes a chassis formed by several components, including an external cover 117, body facing coating 105, absorbent core 103 and surge layer 107. However, it should be understood that other layers can also be used in exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Likewise, one or more of the layers referred to in Figure 1 can also be eliminated in certain exemplary embodiments.
    The coating facing the body 105 is generally used to help isolate the user's skin from liquids trapped in the absorbent core 103. For example, the coating 105 has a surface that faces the body, which is typically compatible , soft touch and non-irritating to the user's skin. Typically, coating 105 is also less hydrophilic than absorbent core 103, so
    18/24 that its surface remains relatively dry in relation to the user. As indicated above, the coating 105 can be liquid-permeable, to allow liquids to readily penetrate through its thickness. Exemplary coating constructions, which contain a nonwoven web, are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,192,606 to Proxmire, et al .; 5,702,377 to Collier, IV, et al .; 5,931,823 to Stokes, et al .; 6,060,638 to Paul, et al. ; 6,150,002 to Varona, as well as in U.S. Patent Applications Nos. 2004/0102750 for Jameson; 2005/0054255 to Morman, et al. ; and 2005/0059941 to Baldwin, et al. , all of which are incorporated herein, in their entirety, by reference to them, for all purposes.
    Diaper 101 may also include an outbreak layer 107, which helps to slow down and diffuse surges or spurts of liquid, which can be quickly introduced into the absorbent core 103. Desirably, outbreak layer 107 accepts quickly and temporarily retains liquid before to release it in the storage or retention portions of the absorbent core 103. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the surge layer 107 is interposed between an inwardly facing surface of the body facing 105 and the core absorbent 103. Alternatively, the surge layer 107 may be located on an outward-facing surface 118 of the body facing coating 105. The surge layer 107 is typically constructed from highly liquid-permeable materials. Examples of suitable surge layers are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,486,166 to Bishop, et al. and U.S. Patent No. 5,490,846 to Ellis, et al., which are incorporated herein, in their entirety, by reference to them, for all purposes.
    The outer shell 117 is typically formed from a material that is substantially impermeable to liquids. For example, the outer shell 117 may be formed from thin plastic film or other flexible liquid impermeable material. In one embodiment, the outer shell 117 is formed from a polyethylene film having a thickness of about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.05 millimeter. The film may be impermeable to liquids, but permeable to gases and
    19/24 water vapor (ie breathable). This allows vapors to escape from the absorbent core 103, but still prevents liquid exudations from passing through the outer shell 117. If a more fabric-like touch is desired, the outer shell 117 can be formed from a polyolefin film laminated to a nonwoven weave. For example, a stretch-honed polypropylene film can be thermally laminated to a spunbond web of polypropylene fibers. In the illustrated embodiment, a moisture sensor 140 is positioned on a surface that faces the body 205 of the outer covering 117, such as adjacent to a nonwoven web or film of a composite used to form the covering 117. If desired, a transparent or translucent portion (e.g., window, film, etc.) can be employed to allow sensor 140 to be readily viewed without removing the user's absorbent article and / or without disassembly. In other embodiments, the sensor 140 may extend through a hole or opening in the absorbent article for observation.
    In addition to the components mentioned above, diaper 101 can also contain several other components as is known in the art. For example, diaper 101 may also contain a substantially hydrophilic tissue wrapping sheet (not shown), which helps maintain the integrity of the fibrous structure of the absorbent core 103. The tissue wrapping sheet is typically placed on around the absorbent core 103 on at least its two main coating surfaces, and composed of an absorbent cellulosic material, such as embossed padding or a high moisture resistant fabric. The tissue paper wrapping sheet can be configured to provide a capillary action layer, which helps to quickly distribute liquid over the absorbent fiber mass of the absorbent core 103. The wrapping sheet material, on one side of the absorbent fibrous mass, it can be attached to the wrapping sheet located on the opposite side of the fibrous mass, to effectively trap the absorbent core 103. In addition, diaper 101 can also include a ventilation layer (not shown), which is positioned between the absorbent core 103 and the outer cover 117. When used, the ventilation layer can
    20/24 assist in insulating the outer covering 117 from the absorbent core 103, thereby reducing moisture in the outer covering 117. Examples of such ventilation layers may include a non-woven web laminated to a breathable film, as described in the US Patent. No. 6,663,611 to Blaney, et al. , which is incorporated herein, in its entirety, by reference to it, for all purposes.
    In some embodiments, diaper 101 may also include a pair of side panels (or ears) (not shown), which extend from side edges 132, of diaper 101, to one of the waist regions. The side panels can be formed integrally with a selected diaper component. For example, the side panels can be formed integrally with the outer covering 117 or from the material used to provide the top surface. In alternative configurations, the side panels can be provided by members connected and mounted to the outer cover 117, the top surface, between the outer cover 117 and the top surface, or in various other configurations. If desired, the side panels can be elasticized or otherwise made elastomeric using the elastic non-woven composite of the present invention. Examples of absorbent articles, which include elasticized side panels and selectively configured fixing tabs, are described in PCT Patent Application WO 95/16425 to Roessler, · in U.S. Patent No. 5,399,219 to Roessler et al. ·, In U.S. Patent No. 5,540,796 to Fries; and in U.S. Patent No. 5,595,618 to Fries, et al., each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference to them for all purposes.
    As shown in a representative manner in Figure 1, diaper 101 can also include a pair of containment flaps 112, which are configured to provide a barrier and to contain lateral flow of exudates from the body. The containment flaps 112 can be located along the laterally opposite edges 132, of the coating facing the body 105, adjacent to the lateral edges of the absorbent core 103. The containment flaps 112 can extend longitudinally along the entire length of the core. absorbent 103, or they can only
    21/24 extend partially along the length of the absorbent core 103. When the containment flaps 112 are shorter in length than the absorbent core 103, they may be selectively positioned anywhere along the side edges 132 of the diaper 101, in a crotch region 110. In one embodiment, the containment flaps 112 extend along the entire length of the absorbent core 103, to better contain the exudations from the body. Such containment tabs 112 are generally well known to those skilled in the art. For example, constructions and arrangements suitable for containment flaps 112 are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,704,116 to Enloe, which is hereby incorporated, in its entirety, by reference, into it for all purposes.
    To provide improved fit and to help reduce leakage from body exudates, diaper 101 can be elasticized with suitable elastic members, as further explained below. For example, as shown in a representative manner in Figure 1, diaper 101 can include leg elastics 106, constructed to operatively tension the side edges of diaper 101, to provide elasticized leg bands that can fit closely around the user's legs to reduce leakage and provide improved comfort and appearance. Waist elastics 108 can also be employed to elasticize the edge edges of the diaper 101, to provide elasticized waist bands. The 108 waist elastics are configured to provide a snug, resilient fit around the wearer's waist. Diaper 101 can also include one or more fasteners 130. For example, two flexible fasteners 130 are shown in Figure 1, on opposite side edges of waist regions, to create a waist opening and a pair of leg openings around the user. The shape of the fasteners 13 0, in general, can vary, but they can include, for example, shapes, in general, rectangular, square shapes, circular shapes, triangular shapes, oval shapes, linear shapes, and so on. Fasteners may include, for example, hook material and
    22/24 handle, buttons, pins, push buttons, adhesive tape fasteners, cohesors, fabric and handle fasteners, etc. In a particular embodiment, each fastener 130 includes a separate piece of hook material affixed to the inner surface of a flexible liner.
    The various regions and / or components of the diaper 101 can be assembled together, using any known fixing mechanism, such as adhesive, ultrasonic, thermal connections, etc. Suitable adhesives may include, for example, hot melt adhesives, pressure sensitive adhesives, and so on. When used, the adhesive can be applied as a uniform layer, a patterned layer, a sprayed pattern, or any one of separate lines, spirals or dots. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the outer covering 117 and the covering facing the body 105 are assembled, in relation to each other and in relation to the absorbent core 103, using an adhesive. Alternatively, the absorbent core 103 can be connected to the outer cover 117, using conventional fasteners, such as buttons, hook and loop fasteners, adhesive tape fasteners, and so on. Similarly, other diaper components, such as elastic leg members 106, elastic waist members 108 and fasteners 130, can also be assembled to form diaper 101 using any fastening mechanism.
    Although various configurations of a diaper have been described above, it is to be understood that other diaper and absorbent article configurations are also included within the scope of the present invention. In addition, the present invention is by no means limited to diapers. In fact, several examples of absorbent articles are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,649,916 to DiPalma, et al. ; 6,110,158 by Kielpikowski, · 6,663,611 by Blaney, et al. , which are incorporated herein, in their entirety, by reference to them, for all purposes. Other examples of personal care products, which can be incorporated into the moisture sensor of the present invention, include training pants (such as in side panel materials) and personal care products. Only by way of illustration, the
    23/24
    Figure 2 shows a modality of training pants 400, which may contain a humidity sensor (not shown). Training pants can be constructed from materials and methods, as described above. Various other materials and methods for building training pants are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,761,711 to Fletcher, et al. ; 4,940,464 to Van Gompel, et al .; 5,766,389 to Brandon, et al., And 6,645,190 to Olson, et al. , which are incorporated herein, in their entirety, by reference to them, for all purposes.
    The present invention can be better understood with reference to the following examples.
    EXAMPLE 1
    Violet Lactone II was dissolved in an ethanol solution in a concentration of 20 milligrams of the dye per milliliter of ethanol. 50 microliters of the dye solution were then mixed with 200 microliters of citric acid (100 milligrams per milliliter in ethanol). After that, 20 microliters of the citric acid / dye solution were mixed with 10 microliters of SunChemical 940-1021 varnish (10% by weight of ethanol) (Sample A); 10 microliters of CASPER varnish from SunChemical (10% by weight of ethanol) (Sample B); or a mixture of 10% microliters of varnish 940-1021 (10% by weight of ethanol) and 10 microliters of CASPER varnish (10% by weight of ethanol) (Sample C). Samples A, B and C were then separately applied to the outer cover of a PULL UP® diaper (Kimberly-Clark) and air dried. The color of the coated substrate was recorded. 10 microliters of water were then dripped onto the coated substrate and observed. The color of the coated substrates was then recorded immediately after contact with the water. The results are shown below:
    Sample Color change THE Before contact with water Rose Red After contact with water Colorless B Before contact with water Rose Red After contact with water Colorless Ç Before contact with water Rose Red After contact with water Colorless
    24/24
    EXAMPLE 2 milligrams of Lactone Violet II and 10 milligrams of citric acid were dissolved in 50 milliliters of ethanol. To this solution, 100 microliters of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB-553 by Eastman Kodak, from Kingsport, Tennessee, USA) in a solution of ethanol / n-propyl acetate (weight ratio 1: 1) in a concentration 0.1 gram per milliliter. 30 microliters of the resulting dye solution were then applied to the outer cover of a PULL UP® diaper (Kimberly-Clark) and air dried. The color of the coated substrate was pink red. 10 microliters of water were then dripped onto the coated substrate. The coated substrate became colorless immediately after contact with water.
    EXAMPLE 3 milligrams of Violet I and 10 milligrams of citric acid were dissolved in 150 milliliters of ethanol. To this solution, 100 microliters of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB-553 by Eastman Kodak, from Kingsport, Tennessee, USA) in a solution of ethanol / n-propyl acetate (weight ratio 1: 1) in a concentration 0.1 gram per milliliter. 30 microliters of the resulting dye solution was then applied to the outer cover of a PULL UP® diaper (Kimberly-Clark) and air dried. The color of the coated substrate was blue. 10 microliters of water were then dripped onto the coated substrate. The coated substrate became colorless immediately after contact with water.
    Although the invention has been described in detail with respect to specific modalities of the same, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, when they reach an understanding of the above, will be able to readily devise changes to, variations of and equivalent to these modalities. Consequently, the scope of the present invention is to be understood as that of the appended claims and any equivalents thereto.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    1. Absorbent article, characterized by comprising: a layer substantially impermeable to liquids; a liquid-permeable layer;
    an absorbent core positioned between the substantially liquid-impermeable layer and the liquid-permeable layer; and a moisture sensor integrated with the article and positioned in such a way that the sensor is in fluid communication with a body fluid of a user of the article, and the humidity sensor includes an ink comprising a proton-accepting chromogen, an organic binder and a proton donor agent, the proton donor agent includes an aliphatic carboxylic acid, and the proton acceptor chromogen is a white dye, which, in general, is colorless when deprotonated, and the ink undergoes a visible color change from colored to colorless when in contact with body fluid.
    [2]
    2. Absorbent article according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the aliphatic carboxylic acid exhibits a water solubility greater than 5 grams per 100 milliliters of water at a temperature of 20 ° C.
    [3]
    Absorbent article according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the aliphatic carboxylic acid has a first acid dissociation constant from 0 to 8.
    [4]
    Absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that the moisture sensor is arranged in the layer substantially impermeable to liquids; and / or in which the humidity sensor additionally comprises a substrate, on which the ink is arranged, the substrate being integrated with the absorbent article.
    [5]
    5. Absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the leuco dye includes a
    Petition 870190108935, of 10/25/2019, p. 12/10
    2/3 phthalide, phthalene, acyl-leukomethylene, fluorane, spiro-pyran, coumarin or a combination thereof.
    [6]
    Absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the weight ratio of the proton donor agent to the proton acceptor chromogen is 0.4 to 10, and preferably from 1 to 4.
    [7]
    7. Absorbent article, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the ink is arranged on a substrate, and in which the proton donor agent includes an aliphatic carboxylic acid presenting a water solubility greater than 5 grams per 100 milliliters of water, at a temperature of 20 ° C, and a first acid dissociation constant from 0 to 8; optionally in which the weight ratio of the proton donor agent to the leuco dye is 0.4 to 10, and preferably 1 to 4.
    [8]
    Absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the aliphatic carboxylic acid exhibits a water solubility of 30 to 200 grams per 100 milliliters of water, at a temperature of 20 ° C.
    [9]
    Absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the aliphatic carboxylic acid has a first acid dissociation constant of 0.5 to 6.
    [10]
    Absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the aliphatic carboxylic acid is polyprotic.
    [11]
    11. Absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the aliphatic carboxylic acid includes acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, oleic acid, tartaric acid (for example: dextrotartaric acid, mesotartaric acid, etc.), citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, oxalic acid, acid
    Petition 870190108935, of 10/25/2019, p. 12/11
    3/3 propionic, glutaric acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine acid, itaconic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, or a mixture thereof.
    [12]
    Absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the aliphatic carboxylic acid is a polymeric acid.
    [13]
    Absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the ink additionally comprises a macromolecular anchoring compound.
    [14]
    Absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the ink, in general, is free of wetting agents.
    [15]
    15. Moisture sensor for an absorbent article, characterized by comprising an ink arranged on a substrate, the ink comprising a white dye that, in general, is colorless when deprotonated, an inorganic binder and a proton donating agent, the proton donating agent including an aliphatic carboxylic acid and presenting a water solubility greater than 5 grams per 100 milliliters of water, at a temperature of 20 ° C, and a first acid dissociation constant from 0 to 8, with the ink undergoes a visible color change from colored to colorless upon contact with an aqueous fluid.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BR112013014230A2|2016-09-13|
    EP2648670A4|2016-05-04|
    KR20130137002A|2013-12-13|
    US20120150134A1|2012-06-14|
    RU2624435C2|2017-07-03|
    CN103260566B|2015-09-09|
    EP2648670A2|2013-10-16|
    AU2011340219A1|2013-05-30|
    KR101887716B1|2018-08-10|
    WO2012077004A2|2012-06-14|
    US8871994B2|2014-10-28|
    CN103260566A|2013-08-21|
    MX2013006545A|2013-07-03|
    RU2013130209A|2015-01-20|
    AU2011340219B2|2015-11-05|
    EP2648670B1|2017-04-19|
    WO2012077004A3|2012-08-23|
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    法律状态:
    2019-08-13| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-03-31| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-05-26| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 31/10/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US12/964,811|2010-12-10|
    US12/964,811|US8871994B2|2010-12-10|2010-12-10|Wetness sensor for use in an absorbent article|
    PCT/IB2011/054837|WO2012077004A2|2010-12-10|2011-10-31|Wetness sensor for use in an absorbent article|
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